Photographic camera



M. NIELL.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25. 1915.

Patented June 24, 1919.

7SHEETS-SHEET 2.

twzvfikNs a VENTOH Arromvsx M. NIELL.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA. APPLICATION FlLED JUNE25. 1915.

Patented June 24, 1919.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3 M NIELL PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA. APPLICATION FILED JUNE25,1915. 1,307,512,- Patented June 24, 1919.

lllllllllllllllllll TSHEETS-SHEET 4 LT koa IN VE w %r A TTUHNEY M.NIELL.

PHOTOGRAPHS CAMERA.

APPLICATION mzn 1uu2s.1915.

Patented June 24, 1919.

.iiilliiiil'" IN VE N TOR dp j A HORNE) M. NIELL.

'PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPUCATION FILED JUNE 25. 1915.

1 ,307,5 1 2.- Patented June 24, 1919.

4 4 '1 ISHEETSSHEET a. I J J I J J 2 :71 If A iAz 'wron M. NIELL.

PHUTOGRAPHIC CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25,,l9l5- v Patented June 24, 1919.

7 SHEETSSHEET 7.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY MAGNUS NIELL, OF STOCKHOLM,

- rnoroemrnrcomnna Specification ,of Letters Patent.

- Patented June '24, 1919.

Application filed June 25, 1915. Serial No.'88,185.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAoNUs Niiinuengineer, a subject of the King ofSweden, resid ing at Stockholm, Sweden, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in or 1 Relating to Photographic Cameras, of whichthe following is a specification.-

This invention relates to the photographic cameras of the type orcharacter in which the picture or imageof the object to be taken,projected through the lens employed for taking the photograph, is seen(for the purpose of View finding, focusing, etc.) up to the moment thephotograph is taken, and I am aware that in such type or character ofcamera it has heretofore been proposed to employ an opaque reflectingsurface adjacent to the focal plane and just in front of the sensitivesurface as a means for focusing and adjusting said picture or imagethereon up to the moment of exposure and to employ in conjunctiontherewith a mirror so arranged as to enable the picture or image on saidopaque reflecting surface to be viewed from or through the back of thecamera.

Now in carrying out the present invention I employ in front of thesensitive surface a white or other suitable opaque reflecting surface orscreen adapted to show thereon the image or picture cast or projectedthereon by or through the lens of the camera (which surface I willhereinafter refer to as the viewing surface) and this viewing surfacemay either be provided on the inside fare of the roller blind or focalplane shutter or on a movable flap or viewing surface provided for thispurpose at the rear of the interior of the camera adjacent to thesensitive surface on which the next photograph is to be taken andopposite the lens through which the photographis to be taken whereby theview projected through said lens onto said viewing surface can'be seenin a mirror located in the interior of the camera the said mirror facingtoward the rear of the camera and arranged at a suitable angle to enablethe view reflected therein to be seen by the photographer through anaperture or apertures provided for this purpose in the rear or backpartof the camera advantageously through a longitudinal slot provided inthe back wall of the camera above the position occupied by the sensitivesur face. Now the principal feature of the present invention is theprovision of two apertures in the roller blind focal plane shutter viz.

(1') A narrow slit used for the dual purposes of (a) viewing and (6)giving 'an instantaneous exposure and (2) a large aperture for giving atime exposure; and furthermore according to the present invention-thefocal plane shutter blind maybe made to travel in two different verticalplanes for the purpose of openingor uncovering the viewing aperture orapertures after the sensitive surface has been covered by the blind insetting the shutter and for automatically closing or covering saidviewing aperture or apertures before and while the exposure is made.

Also the present invention comprises (a) Methodand means forautomatically capping or covering the lens after each exposure has beenmade and automatically preventing said cap or cover being retained inthe open position until certain preliminary operations in connectionwith the camera have been scribed.

(6) Method and means for compensating or allowing in focusingfor thedifference in distance between the viewing surface and the surfaces ofthe sensitive plate or film; the arrangement being such that beforefocusing for each exposure the'lens is moved outwardly by hand so as tobe in correct position relatively to the viewing surface duringfocusing, while after focusing, upon operating t-hetrigger or means forreleasing the shutter said trigger, etc., will first of all cause orpermit the lens to jump back or travel rearwardly a short limiteddistance to compensate for the difference in focus between the viewingsurface and the surfaceof the sensitive plate or film as aforesaid, andinstantly thereafter the shutter is released and the exposure given. Thepresent invention is specially applicable to folding or collapsiblecameras or may be applied to rigid or non-folding cameras such as areknown as box cameras.

I will now proceed to describe my present invention with reference tothe accompanying drawings as carried into practice in a folding reflexcamera provided with a roller blind focal plane shutter and adapted foruse with a rollfiln'i.

Description 0 tunings.

Figures 1 to 3 are views of this folding reflex camera (in accordancewith the present invention) in the folded position but performed, ashereinafter de-' 55 a hood held in the the direction of the arrow VFig. 1) of said folded camera.

Fig. 4 is a view in side elevation of said camera expanded ready foruse. p

. Fig. 5 is a plan (2'. 6. looking in the direction of the arrow V Fig.4) but with the bellows removed, and their position merely indicated indotted lines. a I

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view in elevation on line 66, Fig. 5,looking in the direction of the arrows W.

' Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view in elevation on the line 7-7, Fig. 5,looking in the direction of the arrows W g Fig. 8 is a local plan viewon an enlarged scale of part of Fig. 5; and Fig. 9 is also i a localplan on corresponding scale to Fig. -8

showing the mechanism in slightly difi'erent position.

Fig. 10 1S aview in elevation of the part shown on a .large scale inFig. 8(2're. looking in the-direction of the arrow an Fig. 8)

18' 2'. 0. looking in the with the flap for capping or covering thelensiopen. I

. Fig. 11 is a local view in elevation on an enlarged scale looking inthe direction of the arrows w, Figs. 8 and 10 and 12. V

Fig. 12 is similar view to Fig. 10 show ing the flap for capping orcovering the lens closed.

Figs. 13 and '14 are local detail views (also on a similar enlargedscale) showing details of certain parts of the mechanism for operatingor controlling the flap for capping or covering the lens.

V Fig. 15 is a view of the back end of the camera fitted with thefolding and self erecting hood or shade in the expanded position readyfor use.

- Fig. 16 is a' local plan view showing said hood or shade in theexpanded position i. 0..

looking in the direction of the arrow 3/ Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a local plan corresponding to Fig. 16 butshowing the hood orshade in the folded position. y I

18 is a view of the back of the camera title :with said folding andself-erecting a tly closed position for use with the viewing aperture ina vertical direction. Y i

Fig. 19 is a side view in elevation of Fig; direction of the arrow 3 Ais the main body or case of the camera which as illustrated is of theknown'type arranged to hold and operatea roll film in being providedwith a hinged baseboard B adapted to be swung out into the positionshownin Figs. 4 and -5 and fixedly held in said position-for example bypivotedarms all in the well-known or any other suitable manner.

' The back of this case A (above the path of travel of the roll filmandshut oif from I the latter) is provided with a'view-fi'nding. L 7

aperture A as and for the purposes here inafter described and said caseA may also 7 v be provided with a handle (such as A") in the usual wayfor carrying the camera.

Also said case A is fitted with a roller blind focal plane shutter whichroller blind.

C takes the course indicated in Fig. 4 between the top roller C (onwhich it is wound to set the shutter) and the bottom spring roller 0(onto which, it is wound when the shutter is released) viz. this blind Cas it comes ofi said top roller C first vertically passes across theviewfindingaperture A (see Fig. 4) thence passes under a guide roller othen rearwardly and around the guide roller '0 thence verticallydownward adjacent to and parallel with the sensitive surface D thencearound the guide roller 0 onto the spring. roller C? on which it iswound in the usual manner. I

I may employ any of the well-known and suitable means for mounting andoperating this roller blind C and for adjusting the speed of travelofsame and for setting and releasing same; and as these are all wellaknown it is therefore not necessary for me to further describe the samewithreference to.

\ the accompanying drawingsgthe features of novelty that I claim inrespect of the roller blind focal plane shutter being (1) that the blindis made to travel-across the viewing aperture as well as across thesensitive 'sur-' face' (and for this purposeis made to travelfurthermore provided-with a second and separate aperture of large sizefor giving a time exposure+the blind being made of sufficient length forthis purpose all as will be readily understood and need not be furtherdescribed here; the arrangement being such that when the-blind is set inreadiness for giving an instantaneous exposure it will in suchset'position uncover the view-finding aperture while covering thesensitive v Surface and thereafter when released will first cover andkeep covered the viewing aperture whlle the exposure is being made.

- The inside surface of that part of the said blind C which lies infront of the sensitive surface and covers same while viewing.

any known or suitable mannerythis case A focusing, etc.,-is' formed asor provided with a viewing surface advantageously white;

and a mirror E is mounted upon or near the inside of the lens-carryingfront F advantageously between the lens indicated as- G and the top ofthe bellows H; for example such mirror E may advantageously be mountedby hinging same along its bottom edgeE (b means of a spring hinge) tothe inside of t e lens-carrying front F so that normally said mirror Ewill be tilted or inclined at a slight angle as shown in Fig. 4 so as toreflect the image shown on the white surface (on the inside of the'blindG) at the rear of the camerathe extent of the springs E (see Fig. 6) cantilt the mirror E toward the blind C while leaving said mirror E free toswing back into the vertical 1, 2, 4 and 7) for viewposition (6. g.flush against the inside of the lens-carrying front F) when the camerais folded.

At the rear of the camera above the position occupied by the sensitivesurface D and above the frame d dd (see Fig. 7) surrounding thesensitive surface D to be exposed, I provide according to thepresentinvention, the slot or aperture or passage A (see Figs.

nding, focusing, etc., (which I will hereinafter refer to as theview-finding aperture A of suitable length and width (say about 3 or 3%inches long and about t or of an inch wide) said view-finding aperture Aextending from the back of the camera into the interior of the cameraopposite the aforesaid mirror E;

and any suitable hood or means may be provided to'shade saidview-finding aperture and the eyes of the photographer duringview-finding, etc.

A shade or hood or means of shading said view-finding aperture Aaccording to the present invention and as illustrated in Figs. 15 to 19of the drawings is as follows To the back of the camera case A there arevertically hinged two spring flaps or doors I eachhaving a spring Itending to force same open (see Figs. 15 to19) meeting at the center ofthe back of the camera case A (these spring flaps I may advantageouslybe hinged to the frame or mount A which latter is fixed to the back ofsaid shown in Fig. 18.

said flaps I at the rear end of the camera when said flaps I are closedin which position they are held bythe clip or slide I see Fig. 17 andadapted to be extended into position for use when the spring flaps I aretion as shown in Fig. 18 (instead of hori zontally) is as follows Towardthe free edge of the top of the flexible material I and about midway ofthe length thereof I hinge at J the disk J said hinges being carried onthe metal strip or plate J fixed to the flexible material I said hingeddisk J being so hinged at J that (when not required for use) it can belaid back fiat against the flexible material I (as shown in Figs. 15 and16) while when moved ,in the opposite direction it is hinge bound in theposition shown in Figs. 18 and 19.

The barrelJ (of said hinge) fixed to the plate J 2 has formed or' fixedthereon the in- Wardly extending lugs or projections J 4 (see Figs. 15and 18) so that when the flaps I are partly closed into the positionshown in Figs 18- and 19 each flap at its top outer edge will be caughtunder and held in said position by said lug or projection J and thehinged disk J turned up into the position shown in Figs. 18 and 19 toform a shade while using the camera with the view-finding aperture A inthe vertical position Any suitable means may be provided to enable theview-finding aperture A to be automatically and completely coveredbefore exposure of the sensitive surface begins; for example the focalplane shutter blind C (as before mentioned) may be made to travel in twodifferent vertical planes, viz. the slot in the blind, having been woundinto the viewing position opposite the aperture A when released (forgiving an exposure) after traveling in the first vertical plane acrossthe view-finding aperture A on reaching the bottom of the latter is made:to turn a corner at c and travel horizontally (toward the plane of thesensitive surface) under the view-finding aperture A and then made toturn another corner at c and travel downwardly in a vertical plane nearthe sensitive surface and to the rear of the vertical plane of the firstnamed path of travel thus when the shutter is wound and the slit in theblind C comes opposite the view-finding aperture A in the rear of thecamera, the view coming through the lens is projected onto the inside ofthe blind C (2'. 6. onto the aforesaid viewing surface on said blind C)and can then be viewed in the aforesaid mirror E (as indicated in Fig.4); and moreover upon releasing the shutter before the slit in the blindC reaches 7 sensitive surface otherwise than through the slit in theblind when giving the exposure. The aforesaid viewing surface on theinside of the blind C may be formed'in any suitable manner for examplein the manufactureof the material of which saidblind is formed, or twoseparate materials may 'be employedadhered' together or otherwise,"or asuitablevcoating provided on a black fabric or a black' coating-on theback of a white fabric.

The blind G is provided with a narrow aperture or slit (say for exampleor of an. inch) which narrow aperture or slit serves two purposesaccording'to the present invention'viz. (1) it allows the phot0% rapherto view in the aforesaid mirror the image or picture to be takenprojected through the lens employed for taking the photograph as herein.described and (2) thereafter serves in the usual manner to expose thesensitive surface while the opaque part of. the blind C also serves twopur poses viz. (1) it covers the sensitive surface .D in the usualmanner while viewing, focusing, etc., is eflected and (2) next coversthe said View-finding aperture A be fore and during the exposure of thesensitive surface and thereafter until the shutter is re-set whichhsen'sitive surface wouldotherwise be liable. to be fogged by lightcoming through-said aperture A For enabling the camera to the folded;

any suitable lens is carried on any suitable movable lens-carrying frontsuch as F, any suitable bellows such as H being attached to saidlens-carrying front F and to the inside of the body or case A of thecamera in the usual way; the said lens-carrying front F being arrangedand adapted to be drawn out for example by the knobs K K on the slidepiece K (Figs. 4: and 5) hinged to the foot of the front F (and thebellows H thereby-extended)" over the hinged baseboard B in any knownor'suitable manner to or upon which baseboard (B or to a slidable mountor rack-slide L upon the latter) said lens-carrying front F is or can bereadily attached; any suitable means heing-provided to rack or otherwisemove or ad ust the lens-carrying front such as F along said baseboard Btoward or away from the sensitive surface D for the purpose of focusing,etc, for example the bottom part of the lens=carrying front Fv may havehinged thereto a parallel-sided frame M (which I will'term the foot)adapted overhanging edges L in the aforesaid slide or slidable frame L(which I will term-the rack slide L) which latter is adapted toslidelongitudinally of the baseboard in guides formed by the overhangingguide pieces 0 fixed to and carried on theslide part 0 which latter Iwill term the focuscompensating' slide 0, this latter in turn'beingadapted to slide within a very limited distance along the baseboard B inpieces B fixed to the baseboard g The rack slide L is provided with 'arack L operated by the circular rack teeth N rotated'around the axis Nby the crank arm N and knob N thereon,

The circular rack or cluadrantN isipivv pose of focusing, etc.; or saidslide L may be moved backer forth for this purpose by any other suitablemeans.

, This rack slide L is thus mounted and adapted to slide in the guides 0(or in any other suitable manner) in or upon the focus compensatingslide 0, which latter as aforesaid'is mounted on baseboard B in suchmannerthat this focus compensating slide 0 is capable ofa slidingmovement within narrow limits in the same direction as the rack slide L,i. e., such sliding movement of such focus compensating slide 0 is onlysufficient to compensate or allow in focusing for the difference indistance between the inside surface (2'. 6., 'the viewing surface) onthe focal plane shutter blind (or flap) and the surface of'the sensitivefilm D (or plate) the arrangement being such that, after focusing, uponmoving the trigger or means such as the knob P (Figs. 4 and 5) forreleasing the shutter said trigger, etc, will first of all release thefocus compensatin and allow same to travel rearwar y (jump 'back) ashort limited distanceto thereby move the lens rearwardly a suflicientdistance to compensate for the difference in focus between the insidesurface (i. 0., viewv ing surface) of the said blind C (or flap) and thesurface of the sensitivefilm D (or plate) as aforesaid; and thereafterthe shutter is released'and the exposure given.

Or any'pther focus compensating method and means may be employed incarrying out the present invention.

Any suitable cap or cover (e. g. a fiap hinged to the lens-carryingfront) may be rovided for covering the front of the lens or example aflap Q. a

The method and means of limiting the rearward travel (jump back) of thefocus guides formed by the overhanging. guide 7 slide 0 I compensatingslide' (as well as the forward movement thereof) and for automaticallycapping or covering the lens after each exposure has been made andautomatically preventing said' cap or cover being retained in the openposition until the focus compensating slide hasbeen moved outwardly (andthe shutter set for next exposure) are as follows 1 0 j The flap Q forcapping or covering the lens G is spring mounted and mechanism or meansare interposed between same and the means such as the trigger P forreleasing the focus compensating slide 0 and then the shutter; so that,after the focus compensating slide O has jumped back and the shutterbeen released by the further movement of said trigger P and the exposuremade thereupon said hinged flap Q will be auto matioally closed and themeans for holding (retaining) this'hinged flap Q ,in the open positionwill'not become operative again until the focus compensating slide 0 hasfirst been moved outwardly by hand the slight distance required 'tocompensate in focusing as aforesaid and in'readiness for the-next jumpback; it being necessary to also set the shutterin readiness for thenext exposure before opening the hinged flap Q.

For this purpose-the flap Q (see Fi 11 and 12) is fixed to a horizontalsha t Q carried in suitable bearings F on the lenscarrying front F theend of said shaft Q extending to one side-of said lens-carrying.

front F and being provided with a milled head Q (or other suitablemeans) for turning'said shaft Q to raise the flap Q into the openposition against the action of a.

sprin (such as a coiled spring Q mounted on sa1d shaft Q which tends toclose, and keep closed the flap Q over the lens G.

This shaft Q is provided with a short crank'arm or nose Q (by which theflap Q is retained in the open position) and in vertical alinement withthis nose Q I arrange a slide or rod R mounted on the front F so as tobe vertically slidable thereon with a spring R acting on said slide orrod R to normally keep same pressed down-' ward toward or against thehorizontally mounted lifting bar S While the upper end of thisvertically slidably mounted slide or rod R is provided with a shortvertical slot R therein (see Figs. 10 to 12) in such position and ofsuch length that when said vertical slide or rod R is in its lowermostposition as shown in Fig. 10 the nose Q (on the shaft Q) will bearagainst the solid part of said vertical rod or slide R (see Fig. 10)

and thus hold the flap Q in the open position (as shown in Fig. 10)while upon said rod or slide R being raised slightly the nose Q isreleased (by entering the slot R and the flap Q is then closed by theaction of its spring Q (see Fig. 11).

The lifting bar S before referred to is hinged or so attached tothefocus compensating slide Ov (for example by therarms S) of saidlifting-bar S each having a slot S therein engaging theshankO of aheaded stud O fixed on the focus compensating slide 0 (see Figs-8 to 10)as to be capable of being lifted or tilted to the required extent, andalso said lifting bar S is capable of slight horizontal movement in thesame direction as the slide 0 and limited by the length of the slots Ssuchmovement being controlled by spring action (such as the springs Scoiled around the shank O of each such headed stud 0 adapted to normallykeep said lifting bar S pressed ,rearwardly i. e. toward the body orcase A of the camera and also adapted to normally keep said lifting barS forced downward toward the baseboard B.

' The rear or inner end of this lifting bar S i. e. the end toward thecamera body is arranged to extend just over the end of one arm T of thebell crank forming the trigger or releasing device (when said am T is inits normal position) the other arm T of said bell crank being providedwith the releasing knob P see Figs. 9 and 10, and the under side of saidrear or inner end of said lifting bar S is provided with a downwardlyextending projection or lug S (see Fig. 10) suitably curved on theunderside thereof so as to lie in the path of travel of the end of thearm T of the bell crank hereinbcfore referred to; this lug S and the endof said rocking arm T respectively being so shaped that when the trigger(and arm T) is moved to release the focus compensating slide (andthereafter release the shutter) the said arm T will act endwise againstthe lug S and thereby slide the lifting bar in a horizontal directionoutwardly (i. e. away from the case A) without lifting same; and on thereturn movement of the arm T the latter will pass under said lug S andthereby raise the said lifting bar S (against the action of theaforesaid spring or springs which normally keep said lifting .barpressed toward the baseboard) and thus lift the vertical slide rod R andrelease the hinged flap Q which will thereupon cap or cover the lens G.

This bell crank T T is pivoted at T to the focus compensating slide 0;and this slide 0 is provided with a recess or cut away portion 0 (seeFigs. 5, 8 and 9) of limited length in which recess 0 is located a fixedstud B fixed to the baseboard B (see Figs. 5, 8, 9, 10 and 12) so thatthe length of movement in'and out of the focus compensating slide uponthe baseboard B is limited by this fixed stud B in said recess 0 in'said slide 0.

The aforesaid bell crank arm T is provided with a recess T adapted tofit against which normally tends to keep'said arm T pressed toward saidstud B and by this means the focus compensating slide is held in theoutward position while focusing, etc., takes place, after which when theknob P of the trigger or release is moved (by the operator) from theposition shown in Figs. 5 and 8 into the position shown in dotted linesin Fig. 9 this movement of the trigger will first of all disengage thearm T from the stud B and thereby cause or permit the focus compensatingslide 0 to move back (jump back) until the outer end of the recess Omeets the fixed stud B while the end of the arm T will simply push thelifting bar S endwise out of its path without lifting same; and thefurther movement of the knob P from the position shown in dotted linesinto the position shown in full lines in Fig. 9 will bring same againstthe end V of the slidable releasing bar V by which latter the rollerblind shutter is released and the exposure given by the shutter in themanner hereinbefore described while upon the operator releasing the knobP the spring T will return the bell crank T T into the positionindicated in dotted lines in Fig. 9 and in so doing the end 'of the armT will then ride under the lug S- on the lifting bar, S and lift thelatter and thereby release the hinged flap. Q which will thereupon capor cover the lens.

In this last named position i. 6. with the bell crank in the positionindicated in dotted linesin Fig. 9 the lifting bar S is maintained inthe raised position and so remains until a slightforward outwardmovement is given by hand to the focus compensating slide 0 (after eachexposure has been made) and consequently the vertical slide rod R iscorrespondingly maintained in the raised position so that if now thespring flap Q is turned up it will not be retained in theopen" positionbut will immediately, on release of the knob Q return to the closedposition and thereby indicate to the operator that it is necessary toimpart the slight outward movement to the focus compensating slide 0 inreadiness for focusing (and also to set the shutter) for the nextexposure and after this has been done the arm T moved from the dottedposition shown in Fig. 9 into the position shown in Fig. 8 and therebyallows the tilting bar S to descend into the lowered position andtheflap Q can then be opened and retained in the opened position until theinside of the front F to receive therein the knobs K" on the hingedslide piece K when l the camera is folded.

Instead of the inside surface of the roller blind being provided with aviewing surface as hereinbefore described it will be obvious that I maemploy a separate and special flap or sur ace to act as the viewingsurface between the lens and the sensitive surfaceand parallel and closeto the latter.

Any other suitable means may be employed as desired to shade the saidviewing aperture and the eyes of the photographer during viewing,focusing, etc., in place of the folding and self-erecting hood or shadehereinbefore described and for enabling any such shade or hood to bereadily adapted for use when it is desired to employ the camera -withthe aforesaid (normally horizontal) viewing aperture in a verticaldirection in stead of the horizontal direction.

What I claim is 1. A photographic camera having a viewing surfaceadapted to be brought into position in the rear of the interior of thecamera" I light reaching the sensitive surface through said viewingaperture while the latter is open and to close the latter while theexposure is given substantially as described.

2. A photographic camera having a viewing surface adapted to be broughtinto position in the rear of the interior of the camera opposite thelens and to show on said surface .the image formed by said lens, a backto said camera having a viewing aperture formed as a horizontal slot andlocated above the sens1-' tive surface and a focal plane roller blindshutter having a slit so arrangedthat said slit servesvboth (a) touncover the said Viewing aperture and when the latter iscovered (2)) tothen expose the sensitive surface while the opaque part of said blindserves to prevent light reaching the sensitive surface through saidviewing: aperture while the latter is open andto close the latter whilethe exposure is given substantially as. described.

3. A hotographic camera having a view ing sur ace adapted to be broughtinto position' in the rear of the interior of the camera opposite thelens and to Show on said opaque part of said blind serves to preventlight reaching the sensitive surface through said viewing aperture whilethe latter is open-and to close the latter while' the exposure is givenand .a mirror arranged-in the interior of the can1eraopposite saidviewing surface and viewing aperture substantially as described.

v 4-. A photographic camera having a viewing surface adapted to bebrought into position in the rear of the interior of the camera opposite.thelens and to show on said surface the image formed by said lens, aback to said camera having, a viewing aperture and i a focal planeroller blind shutter having a slit and arranged to travel in twovertical planes viz :in one said plane across the viewing aperture andin the other said plane across the sensitive surface and so arrangedthat said slit in said blind serves both (a) to uncover the said viewingaperture and when the latter is covered (2)) to then expose thesensitive surface while the opaque part of said blind serves to preventlight reaching the sensitive surface through said viewing aperture whilethe latter is open and to close the latter while the exposure is givensubstantially as described. I

5. A photographic camera having a focal plane roller blind shutterhaving a' slit, a viewing surface provided on the said blind in suchwiseas to be adapted to be brought into position opposite the lens when thesaid shutter is set ready for giving an exposure,

a mirror mounted opposite said viewing surface and carried '(at' asuitable angle) on the inside of the lens-carrying front just above thelens, a lock to said camera having a viewing aperture above thesensitive surface and opposite said mirror, means to prevent lightreaching said sensitive surface from said aperture, and said rollerblind and the slit therein for giving the exposure so arranged andmounted that (a) said slit will uncover the viewing aperture when theshutter is set and (b) said blind -will cover said aperture when theshutter is released to make the exposure.

6. A photographic camera having a viewing'surface adapted to be broughtinto position in the rear of the interior of the camera opposite thelens, and to show on said surface the image formedby said lens, a backto said camera having a viewing aperture and a focal plane roller blindshutter'provided with a slit so arranged that said slit serves both touncover the said viewing aperture, and when'-the latt r is covered tothen expose the sensitive surfacewhile the opaque part of said blindserves to prevent light reaching the sensitive surface through saidviewing aperture while the latter is open, and to close the latter whilethe exposure is given, and a cover for the lens adapted to open onlyafter the outward focus compensating movement has been imparted to thelens.

7. A photographic camera having a viewing surface adapted to beibroughtinto position in the rear of the interior of the camera opposite thelens, and to show on said surface the image formed by said lens, a backto said camera having a viewing aperture and a focal plane roller blindshutter provided with a slit so arranged that said slit serves both touncover the said viewing aperture, and when the latter is covered tothen expose the sensitive surface while the opaque part of said blindserves to prevent light reaching the sensitive surface through saidviewing aperture while the latter is open, and to close the latter whilethe exposure is given, and a cover for the lens adapted to open onlyafter the outward focus compensating movement has been imparted by handto the lens, and means adapted to automatically release said cover toclose the lens after each exposure.

8. A photographic camera wherein the lens is so mounted as to require aslight outward movement by hand to bring same into correct position tofocus the image on the viewing surface and to be -there retained by acatch operated by the shutter releasing mechanism which latter justprior to releasing the shutter will first cause or permit the lens tojump back or travel rearwardly the short limited distance necessary tocompensate for the difference in focus between the viewing surface andthe sensitive surface and instantly thereafter release the shutter andgive the exposure substantially as described,

'9. A folding photographic camera having a focal plane roller blindshutter arranged to travel in two vertical planes and having a slit forgiving instantaneous exposure, a

the interior of the camera opposite said viewing surface and viewingaperture and supported on the inside of the lens-carrying front justabove the lens, means to prevent light reaching said sensitive surfacethrough said viewing aperture, said slit in said rollerblind for givinginstantaneous exposure so arranged and the blind so mounted that a saidslit will uncover the viewing aperture when the shutter is set and (12)said blind will cover said aperture when the shutter is released to makethe exposure, a focus compensating slide for the lens-carrying frontadapted to be moved by hand a short distance outward, a catch to retainsaid focus compensating slide-in position when so moved outwardly byhand,means operated v by the shutter releasing mechanism to rekeep openafter the outward focus compen I satmg movement has been imparted byhand, means, to automatically release said cover to close the lens aftereach exposure,

and a foldable hood or shade on the back of said camera adapted to shadethe said viewing aperture, all combined and arranged to actsubstantially in the manner .and'for the l ELIN WAHRMAN, SALLYGfiLEQ 25'In witness whereof I have hereunto set my- MAGNUS 'NIE'LL.

